There is no universally accepted definition for intelligence among educators and psychologists. One (early) viewpoint regards intelligence as a unitary trait which can be measured by a single IQ test score []<such as>binet05,terman25. This view has now largely been replaced by the multiple-intelligence conceptions []<such as>guilford67,renzulli86,gardner83. We have chosen the definition of multiple intelligences by gardner83 for our discussion here, since it is widely accepted among educators and psychologists.
gardner83,gardner93 divided intelligence into seven aspects. He claimed that these multiple intelligences are separate and somewhat independent, based partly on evidence from patients who suffer certain brain damages which often disrupt one aspect of intelligence but not the others. Briefly, the seven intelligences are
Note that the first two intelligences, linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences, are included in competencies measured by traditional intelligence tests.